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Exosome-Based Tolerance Induction: Reprogramming Antigen-Specific T Cells in Multiple Sclerosis and Type 1 Diabetes
Autoimmune diseases affect 5-8% of the global population, with rising prevalence. Current broad immunosuppression leaves patients vulnerable to infections and malignancies. A fundamentally different approach is emerging: exosome-based tolerance induction, reprogramming specific immune cells that attack self-tissue while preserving protective immunity. The Concept of Antigen-Specific Tolerance In healthy systems, peripheral tolerance ensures self-reactive T cells…