Latest posts
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Exosome-Enhanced Cardiac Patches: Combining Hydrogel Scaffolds with Extracellular Vesicles for Sustained Myocardial Repair
Heart failure affects over 64 million people worldwide. Following myocardial infarction, the adult heart cannot replace the estimated one billion cardiomyocytes lost. Exosome-enhanced cardiac patches combining therapeutic extracellular vesicles with engineered hydrogels represent a convergent approach for meaningful cardiac regeneration. The Limitations of Current Approaches Direct exosome injection suffers from rapid washout: within 24 hours,…
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Exosome-Based Tolerance Induction: Reprogramming Antigen-Specific T Cells in Multiple Sclerosis and Type 1 Diabetes
Autoimmune diseases affect 5-8% of the global population, with rising prevalence. Current broad immunosuppression leaves patients vulnerable to infections and malignancies. A fundamentally different approach is emerging: exosome-based tolerance induction, reprogramming specific immune cells that attack self-tissue while preserving protective immunity. The Concept of Antigen-Specific Tolerance In healthy systems, peripheral tolerance ensures self-reactive T cells…